Priory analysis studies algorithms' time & space complexity before execution. Post-analysis (testing) measures actual runtime and memory usage after execution. Both are algorithm-focused, language and hardware-independent, unlike program-specific analyses. This segment clearly defines prior analysis as a detailed study of an algorithm to understand its functionality and obtain results like execution time and space consumption. It emphasizes the importance of understanding how an algorithm works before testing it, highlighting the core concept of prior analysis in algorithm evaluation.