NestJS offers several significant advantages over ExpressJS, particularly when developing scalable applications. While ExpressJS provides a minimalist foundation, NestJS introduces structure and features that address common challenges in larger projects. Key Advantages of NestJS for Scalable Applications: Architectural Guidance and Structure: NestJS is designed to solve architectural weaknesses inherent in ExpressJS. Unlike Express, which is largely unopinionated and doesn't provide a clear direction for application structure, NestJS offers a robust framework that guides developers in organizing their code. This structured approach prevents projects from becoming unmanageable "messes" as they grow, especially for less experienced developers. It promotes modularity, allowing applications to be broken down into smaller, easily manageable components. This makes the application much easier to handle and reason about. Enhanced Maintainability and Testability: NestJS facilitates the creation of testable, scalable, and easily maintainable applications. Its emphasis on concepts like dependency injection contributes to a cleaner, more organized codebase. The framework encourages the separation of concerns, for instance, by distinguishing between controllers (handling requests) and services (executing business logic), which simplifies development and debugging. Native TypeScript Support: NestJS fully embraces TypeScript from the ground up, offering native support. This provides benefits such as improved code quality, better tooling, and early error detection, which are crucial for large-scale projects. Rich Functionality and Ecosystem Integration: NestJS provides a lot of functionality out of the box, reducing the need for extensive custom development. It easily integrates with various technologies, including GraphQL, microservices, and REST APIs, and offers good documentation on security practices. Despite its advanced features, NestJS uses ExpressJS under the hood, meaning developers can still access the vast Express ecosystem and leverage existing Express knowledge if needed. Growing Popularity and Employability: NestJS is rapidly growing in popularity and is now one of the most favored backend frameworks, positioned just below Express and on par with frameworks like Koa. Its structured nature is highly valued by employers, as it simplifies developer onboarding by providing a consistent architecture, reducing the time developers need to learn new custom structures for each project. In essence, while ExpressJS offers flexibility, NestJS provides the necessary architectural patterns, built-in features, and a clear development path that significantly saves time and improves long-term maintainability and scalability for complex applications. Would you be interested in exploring a specific architectural pattern or a feature like dependency injection in NestJS in more detail? ( , , , , , , , , , ) n test end to-end. and let's see if that at least works. and we see that we have a past test, nothing really happened. but that's fine, because we haven't defined our tests yet. so let's go back to our test and creat