Several underinvested fields are highlighted, each deemed crucial for significant societal advancement and well-being. Underinvested Fields and Their Importance Global Health Importance: It fits criteria for impactful investment, as tools can be invented that save millions of lives for less than $1,000 per life. Medical science is currently skewed towards conditions affecting the rich world, leaving many widespread diseases in poor countries under-addressed. The Gates Foundation specifically aims to fill this gap by funding solutions for non-market-driven issues, such as affordable diarrheal vaccines for all children, not just those in affluent nations. ( , , ) Global Education Importance: Global education is identified as an underfunded area. Along with good health, it forms a "magic formula" for countries to uplift themselves, leading to economic growth, increased tax collection, and self , 9]]) Fusion Energy Importance: Society is currently underinvesting in fusion energy. The value of cheap, constant, and reliable electricity is fundamental to society. For instance, water shortages are primarily an energy problem for desalination and movement; cheap energy could provide infinite water globally. Fusion, along with fission, offers the potential for very cheap and constant electricity, which is critical for solving numerous societal challenges. ( , ) Addressing Malnutrition Importance: Malnutrition, particularly in Africa where nearly half the children's brains and bodies do not develop properly, is a profound issue. It leads to reduced physical capabilities and cognitive capacity (e.g., 20 IQ points less). Despite sufficient calories, the lack of specific micronutrients like Vitamin A and D is critical. With new scientific tools, especially understanding the gut microbiome, there is a clear path to solving malnutrition, which would profoundly uplift individuals and countries. Initiatives like fortifying bouillon cubes with vitamins are a direct intervention to address this, as these are consumed by low-income households. ( , , , , ) Would you be interested in learning more about the specific interventions or technologies being developed in any of these fields?